Antioxidant role of propolis extract against oxidative damage of testicular tissue induced by insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats

Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD₅₀) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.     

人参二醇组皂苷对缺氧损伤的保护作用研究

[目的]研究人参二醇组皂苷对缺氧损伤的保护作用。[方法]将昆明种小鼠在饲喂不同剂量的人参二醇组皂苷一定时间后,注射亚硝酸钠,建立缺氧损伤模型,观察小鼠的生存时间。[结果]给药3周后,试验小鼠体重稍有增加,但各组之间并无明显差异;在试验给予的剂量条件下,人参二醇组皂苷能够明显延长小鼠的生存时间。[结论]人参二醇组皂苷具有一定的亚硝酸钠缺氧损伤保护作用,可以作为缺氧、缺血性损伤保护作用的药物来源。     

吉林省不同年代水稻品种叶片硝酸还原酶的活性变化研究

【目的】了解不同年代育成水稻品种叶片硝酸还原酶活性(Nitrate reductase activity,NRA)的变化及其与净光合速率（Pn）和产量的关系,为吉林省水稻高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以吉林省1958至2005年育成并在生产上推广的18个水稻品种为材料,研究水稻植株剑叶NRA变化及其与净光合速率和产量的关系。【结果】水稻叶片NRA在孕穗期较低,抽穗期最大,此后呈下降变化;NRA随品种的育成年代推进而降低。不同生育期水稻剑叶Pn在抽穗期达到最大,此后不断下降;随着育成年代的推进,Pn逐渐上升。NRA与净光合速率呈负相关,但不显著,与水稻产量呈显著负相关。【结论】水稻品种遗传改良提高了叶片的光合作用和产量,但NRA却随品种的育成年代推进而降低,这可能也是水稻氮肥利用效率降低的原因。     

影响蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量的因素研究

试验研究了蔬菜在不同储存时间与储存温度、不同食用前处理和不同加工方法等条件下亚硝酸盐含量的变化,结果表明,蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量随储存时间的延长会逐渐升高,达到最大值后有所下降.不同蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量随温度的变化而不同.漂烫处理可以降低蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,浸泡处理会使亚硝酸盐含量升高.蔬菜经炒熟或煮熟后亚硝酸盐含量均会降低,并且煮熟的蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量低于炒熟的蔬菜.     

蔬菜储藏过程中亚硝酸盐含量的测定方法研究

以盐酸萘乙二胺为显色剂,利用UV-9200型紫外可见分光光度计,测定了丽江市销售的几种蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,并确定该测定方法的最佳试验条件。结果表明:pH值在3～4,显色温度15～25℃,显色剂用量为1.0 mL,显色时间在15 min后加水定容到50 mL在最大吸收波长538 nm处测定吸光度。进一步对蔬菜储藏过程和不同储藏条件下亚硝酸盐含量的变化趋势情况进行了研究。     

施氮量对迟播油菜生长及氮素吸收的影响(英文)

[目的]分析氮肥对不同冬油菜品种越冬期营养生长和氮素吸收的影响。[方法]连续两年(2009-2011)田间试验,以早熟品种中油116和中晚熟品种中油杂12号为材料,设5种氮肥用量(0,90,180,270,360kg/hm2)。在越冬期对油菜干重,根系和地上部氮含量及比例,叶片硝酸还原酶活性进行测定,并对籽粒产量进行考查。[结果]中油116在施氮量从0增加到180kg/hm2时,地上部干重迅速增加;而在施氮量从180kg/hm2增加到360kg/hm2时,地上部干重缓慢增加。中油杂12号的地上部干重随施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,在270kg/hm2时达到最大值。当施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时,地上部和根中的氮含量及比例均迅速增加,并且中油杂12号根中的氮含量及比例高于中油116。两个品种的硝酸还原酶活性在施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时增加最为明显。[结论]合理施用氮肥能够显著增加不同熟期油菜品种越冬期的干重及氮素吸收,并提高油菜产量。     

木糖还原酶基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

木糖还原酶是木糖醇生物合成的关键酶,催化木糖合成木糖醇。以实验室筛选并经分子生物学鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母的木糖还原酶基因为基础,以酵母表达载体pPICZαA成功构建了含有木糖还原酶的重组表达载体pPICZαA-xyl,为进一步研究真核表达木糖还原酶和木糖醇的生产奠定基础。     

钼酸钠对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠保护作用的研究

为了研究钼酸钠对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠存活时间、体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标的影响,选取144只小鼠并随机分为9组,其中Ⅰ组～Ⅴ组做小鼠存活时间试验研究,Ⅵ组～Ⅸ组做钼酸钠和亚硝酸钠对小鼠体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标影响研究,各组小鼠用不同剂量亚硝酸钠和钼酸钠进行处理,饲喂相同基础日粮。结果表明,0.016mL/g 50g/L NaMoO4对3d染毒组和15d染毒组小鼠存活时间有极显著影响(P<0.01);200mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),而500mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。说明非中毒剂量NaMoO4能缓解亚硝酸钠的毒性,而中毒剂量NaMoO4则会加重亚硝酸钠的毒性。     

亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾仔虾的急性毒性效应

研究了亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus Clarkii)仔虾的急性毒性效应,结果表明:克氏原螯虾仔虾对亚硝酸盐氮的耐受性随接触时间的增加而明显降低;亚硝酸盐氮对克氏原螯虾仔虾24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h半致死浓度分别为28.69 mg/L、22.69 mg/L、18.92 mg/L、15.19 mg/L,安全浓度为1.52 mg/L.     

Effect of Pichia membranaefaciens on ROS metabolism and postharvest disease control in citrus fruit

The yeast Pichia membranaefaciens has antagonistic effects against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest fruit decay. This work evaluated the effects of P. membranaefaciens on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and disease control in harvested citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The lesion diameter caused by Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruit was remarkably reduced when the fruit was point-inoculated or dipped in a suspension of P. membranaefaciens at 1 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹. The application of P. membranaefaciens on citrus fruit enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as the levels of hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide anion and glutathione, but inhibited the decreasing ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, catalase activity was decreased by the same treatment. These results indicated that yeast treatment induced the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes which might have antagonistic effects against postharvest green and blue mold infection in citrus fruit.